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    "path": "private/var/folders/t7/b_w5m78j2mbb1ct051p9sv500000gn/T/nudge-opencode-generation-sh5KYW",
    "title": "Nudge content generation",
    "agent": "nudge-generation",
    "model": {
      "id": "gpt-6-astra",
      "providerID": "openai",
      "variant": "low"
    },
    "version": "1.18.30",
    "summary": {
      "additions": 0,
      "deletions": 0,
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    "cost": 0,
    "tokens": {
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      "output": 1292,
      "reasoning": 34,
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  "messages": [
    {
      "info": {
        "role": "user",
        "time": {
          "created": 1789695670022
        },
        "agent": "nudge-generation",
        "model": {
          "providerID": "openai",
          "modelID": "gpt-6-astra",
          "variant": "low"
        },
        "system": "You create Codeforces learning content for Nudge. Your job is to understand the best approach for the problem and teach it clearly in your own words, using existing solutions to inform your reasoning.\n\nStart with a brief, targeted web search for existing solutions so relevant editorials are in context before substantial independent problem-solving. Use any supplied tutorial links first; otherwise search by contest ID and problem index. Prefer the official tutorial/editorial, and read relevant explanations rather than relying on search snippets. Look at accessible alternatives when useful, especially if the official explanation is missing, unclear, or unnecessarily complicated. Accepted submissions can also help clarify an approach. Respect supplied source lookup statuses and avoid repeatedly retrying blocked sources. If no usable source is accessible, proceed from the supplied statement.\n\nTreat existing solutions as a starting point, not a constraint. If an approach is clear and suitable, build on it without unnecessary re-derivation. If an explanation has gaps, seems incorrect, or uses a harder method than necessary, reason through it and derive a better or simpler approach when worthwhile. Choose a correct approach that is easy to teach and fits the constraints. Verify it against the supplied statement and edge cases before writing the hints, editorial, and C++ solution.\n\nThe editorial must be self-contained: explain the key insight, algorithm, why it works, complexity, and implementation details a learner needs, filling in steps the source skips. Keep research and verification concise; spend the output on teaching the solution, not narrating the research process. Follow the user prompt and output schema exactly.",
        "format": {
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          "schema": {
            "type": "object",
            "properties": {
              "status": {
                "type": "string",
                "enum": [
                  "success",
                  "unsolvable"
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                "description": "Set to 'success' when the supplied statement defines a solvable programming problem. Set to 'unsolvable' only if the statement is fundamentally incomplete, contradictory, or depends on an inaccessible required resource."
              },
              "reason": {
                "anyOf": [
                  {
                    "type": "string",
                    "pattern": "^[^\\u0000]*$",
                    "minLength": 1,
                    "maxLength": 2000
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                  {
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                ],
                "description": "If status is 'unsolvable', provide a detailed failure message to show users. Name the concrete statement/resource blocker and any relevant source lookup/access status, such as missing official tutorial, 403/Cloudflare challenge, 404, or unavailable accepted submissions. Otherwise null."
              },
              "hints": {
                "anyOf": [
                  {
                    "type": "array",
                    "minItems": 5,
                    "maxItems": 5,
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                    "items": {
                      "type": "object",
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                        "order": {
                          "type": "integer",
                          "minimum": 1,
                          "maximum": 5,
                          "description": "Hint number, 1 through 5."
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                          "type": "string",
                          "pattern": "^[^\\u0000]*$",
                          "minLength": 1,
                          "maxLength": 10000,
                          "description": "Markdown hint text."
                        }
                      },
                      "required": [
                        "order",
                        "content"
                      ],
                      "additionalProperties": false
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                  },
                  {
                    "type": "null"
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                "description": "If status is 'success', provide exactly 5 progressive hints. Otherwise null."
              },
              "editorial": {
                "anyOf": [
                  {
                    "type": "string",
                    "pattern": "^[^\\u0000]*$",
                    "minLength": 1,
                    "maxLength": 100000
                  },
                  {
                    "type": "null"
                  }
                ],
                "description": "If status is 'success', a prose editorial explaining the solution in Nudge's own voice, with no links, citations, or source/research notes. Otherwise null."
              },
              "solution": {
                "anyOf": [
                  {
                    "type": "string",
                    "pattern": "^[^\\u0000]*$",
                    "minLength": 1,
                    "maxLength": 200000
                  },
                  {
                    "type": "null"
                  }
                ],
                "description": "If status is 'success', a complete C++ solution. Otherwise null."
              }
            },
            "required": [
              "status",
              "reason",
              "hints",
              "editorial",
              "solution"
            ],
            "additionalProperties": false,
            "title": "problem_response",
            "description": "Submit the generated content for the problem, or report if it is unsolvable."
          },
          "retryCount": 2
        },
        "id": "msg_0b22cb706001Zm2YwXx1nkqw60",
        "sessionID": "ses_f4dd3490affeugyumTDbeLP20B"
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      "parts": [
        {
          "type": "text",
          "text": "Generate Codeforces learning content: five progressive hints, an original editorial, and AC-quality C++.\n\nFollow the editorial-first research workflow in the system instructions. Use the supplied statement to verify that the source solves this exact problem.\n\nWrite clean Markdown with LaTeX as needed. Use quick and clever humor when appropriate. Tell it like it is (don't sugar-coat responses), and use very casual language. You are fully allowed to swear, just don't overdo it like a sailor (be natural). Deconstruct any false assumptions.\n\nGenerate content for Codeforces problem 2257A: \"Creating Abbreviations\" (rated 800).\n\nKnown problem metadata:\n- Contest ID: 2257\n- Index: A\n- Name: Creating Abbreviations\n- Rating: 800 (Codeforces difficulty rating)\n- Tags: brute force, strings\n- Problem URL: https://codeforces.com/contest/2257/problem/A\n\nUse the rating and tags as weak signals only. The supplied statement is the source of truth.\n\nProblem Statement:\n<problem-statement>\n<div class=\"header\"><div class=\"title\">A. Creating Abbreviations</div><div class=\"time-limit\"><div class=\"property-title\">time limit per test</div>1 second</div><div class=\"memory-limit\"><div class=\"property-title\">memory limit per test</div>256 megabytes</div><div class=\"input-file input-standard\"><div class=\"property-title\">input</div>standard input</div><div class=\"output-file output-standard\"><div class=\"property-title\">output</div>standard output</div></div><div><p>The Beaver was given a set of words $$$S$$$, which initially contained $$$n$$$ words. Then he performed the following operation $$$m$$$ times:</p><ol> <li> The Beaver forms a sequence of one or more words from the set $$$S$$$. The same word may appear in the sequence several times. An abbreviation$$$^{\\text{∗}}$$$ is formed from the resulting phrase. </li><li> Then the Beaver adds the resulting abbreviation to $$$S$$$ and can now use it in subsequent operations as an ordinary word. </li></ol><p>You are given the $$$n$$$ initial words that were in the set $$$S$$$, and the set of abbreviations that the Beaver formed. Determine whether the Beaver made a mistake and whether all these abbreviations could have appeared as a result of the operation described above. Note that the abbreviations did not necessarily appear in the same order in which they are given to you.</p><div class=\"statement-footnote\"><p>$$$^{\\text{∗}}$$$The abbreviation of a sequence is the word produced by the first letters of the words in the sequence. For example, the sequence <span class=\"tex-font-style-it\">birch OAK birch redwood</span> produces the abbreviation BOBR.</p></div></div><div class=\"input-specification\"><div class=\"section-title\">Input</div><p>Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases $$$t$$$ ($$$1 \\le t \\le 500$$$). The description of the test cases follows.</p><p>The first line of each test case contains two integers $$$n$$$ and $$$m$$$ — the number of ordinary words and the number of abbreviations, respectively ($$$1 \\le n, m \\le 100$$$).</p><p>Each of the next $$$n$$$ lines contains one string $$$w_i$$$ — an ordinary word ($$$1 \\le |w_i| \\le 20$$$).</p><p>Each of the next $$$m$$$ lines contains one string $$$a_i$$$ — an abbreviation formed by Bobr ($$$1 \\le |a_i| \\le 20$$$).</p><p>All ordinary words consist of lowercase English letters, and all abbreviations consist of uppercase English letters. In each test case, all strings $$$w_1, w_2, \\ldots, w_n, a_1, a_2, \\ldots, a_m$$$ are pairwise distinct.</p><p>The total length of all strings over all test cases does not exceed $$$50\\,000$$$.</p></div><div class=\"output-specification\"><div class=\"section-title\">Output</div><p>For each test case, print \"YES\" if there exists a suitable order in which the given abbreviations could have appeared, and \"NO\" otherwise.</p><p>You may print each letter in any case (lowercase or uppercase). For example, the strings \"yEs\", \"yes\", \"Yes\", and \"YES\" will be accepted as a positive answer.</p></div><div class=\"sample-tests\"><div class=\"section-title\">Example</div><div class=\"sample-test\"><div class=\"input\"><div class=\"title\">Input</div><pre><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-even test-example-line-0\">4</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-odd test-example-line-1\">6 4</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-odd test-example-line-1\">apple</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-odd test-example-line-1\">grand</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-odd test-example-line-1\">banana</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-odd test-example-line-1\">great</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-odd test-example-line-1\">cherry</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-odd test-example-line-1\">good</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-odd test-example-line-1\">AG</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-odd test-example-line-1\">BG</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-odd test-example-line-1\">CG</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-odd test-example-line-1\">ABC</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-even test-example-line-2\">1 1</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-even test-example-line-2\">apple</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-even test-example-line-2\">AA</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-odd test-example-line-3\">1 2</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-odd test-example-line-3\">apple</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-odd test-example-line-3\">A</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-odd test-example-line-3\">AA</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-even test-example-line-4\">2 2</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-even test-example-line-4\">apple</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-even test-example-line-4\">avocado</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-even test-example-line-4\">B</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-even test-example-line-4\">BA</div></pre></div><div class=\"output\"><div class=\"title\">Output</div><pre><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-odd test-example-line-1\">YES</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-even test-example-line-2\">YES</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-odd test-example-line-3\">YES</div><div class=\"test-example-line test-example-line-even test-example-line-4\">NO</div></pre></div></div></div><div class=\"note\"><div class=\"section-title\">Note</div><p>In the first test case, the order <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">AG</span>, <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">BG</span>, <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">CG</span>, <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">ABC</span> is suitable. The first three abbreviations can be created using the pairs of words <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">apple</span> and <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">grand</span>, <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">banana</span> and <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">great</span>, and <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">cherry</span> and <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">good</span>, respectively. After that, the abbreviation <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">ABC</span> can be created using the already created abbreviations <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">AG</span>, <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">BG</span>, and <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">CG</span>.</p><p>In the second test case, one can create <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">AA</span> using <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">apple</span> twice.</p><p>In the third test case, one can first create <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">A</span> using <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">apple</span>, and then create <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">AA</span> using <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">apple</span> and the already created abbreviation <span class=\"tex-font-style-tt\">A</span>.</p><p>In the fourth test case, it can be shown that the required order of creating the abbreviations does not exist.</p></div>\n</problem-statement>\n\n\nSource lookup status:\n<source-lookup-status>\n- Tutorial (en): https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058 loaded (200 OK; title: \"Codeforces Round 1117 (Div. 2) Editorial - Codeforces\"; mentions 2257A)\n</source-lookup-status>\n\nGenerate:\n1. Five progressive hints, from a gentle nudge to the key insight.\n2. A self-contained editorial that teaches the solution clearly, including the key insight, algorithm, correctness argument, complexity, and necessary implementation details. Explain non-obvious steps without padding or a discovery-process transcript.\n3. A complete C++26 solution that gets AC on Codeforces.\n\nFormatting & Style Rules:\n- Hints and editorial: valid Markdown with LaTeX as needed (e.g., $dp[i]$, $$\\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_i$$).\n- Hints and editorial must read like Nudge's own explanation. No research notes, source notes, citations, Markdown links, URLs, or references to editorials/submissions/posts.\n- Solution: raw C++ only, no Markdown fences.\n- Keep C++ short, clean, standard, and single-file. Comments are fine when they clarify the idea.\n\nOutput strictness:\n- Return JSON matching the provided schema exactly.\n- Never include NUL (U+0000) characters in any field. Use literal $ or $$ for math delimiters, never control characters.\n- If the problem is solvable, return `status: \"success\"`, `reason: null`, and fill in `hints`, `editorial`, and `solution`.\n- Return `status: \"unsolvable\"`, a short `reason`, and set `hints`, `editorial`, and `solution` to null only when the supplied statement is fundamentally incomplete, contradictory, or dependent on an inaccessible resource needed to define the task. Missing research, high rating, uncertainty, or \"can't guarantee AC\" is not a reason to return unsolvable.\n- If you return `status: \"unsolvable\"`, the `reason` is shown directly to users. Be concrete: say what exact statement/resource blocker stopped you, and include relevant source lookup status if it mattered (for example: official tutorial missing, Codeforces returned 403/Cloudflare challenge, tutorial page 404, accepted submissions unavailable).\n- Each hint must be an object with `order` (1 through 5) and `content` (the Markdown hint text), not a plain string. The `content` must contain just the hint text, with no \"Hint 1:\" or subtitles. The UI adds those automatically.\n- Do not start the editorial with an \"# Editorial\" heading. The UI already adds that section. Feel free to add other headers as needed though.\n- Use styling in the editorial if needed! Just that first header is no good but any subheaders or bolding or whatever is good!\n\nFor the C++ solution, you MUST use this template and work around it:\n\n```cpp\n#include <bits/stdc++.h>\nusing namespace std;\n\nusing ll = long long;\n\nvoid setIO() {\n    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);\n    cin.tie(nullptr);\n}\n\nint main() {\n    setIO();\n}\n```",
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          "cwd": "/private/var/folders/t7/b_w5m78j2mbb1ct051p9sv500000gn/T/nudge-opencode-generation-sh5KYW",
          "root": "/"
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            "output": "---\nimage: https://codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/codeforces-telegram-square-1024x1024.png\ntitle: Codeforces Round 1117 (Div. 2) Editorial - Codeforces\ndescription: Codeforces. Programming competitions and contests, programming community\n---\n\n<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN\"> \n\n  \n[![Codeforces](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/codeforces-logo-with-telegram-555x130.png \"Codeforces\")](https://codeforces.com/) \n\n[![In English](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/flags/24/gb.png \"In English\")](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058?locale=en) [![По-русски](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/flags/24/ru.png \"По-русски\")](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058?locale=ru) \n\n[Enter](https://codeforces.com/enter?back=%2Fblog%2Fentry%2F156058)| [Register](https://codeforces.com/register) \n\n  \n* [Home](https://codeforces.com/)\n* [Top](https://codeforces.com/top)\n* [Catalog](https://codeforces.com/catalog)\n* [Contests](https://codeforces.com/contests)\n* [Gym](https://codeforces.com/gyms)\n* [Problemset](https://codeforces.com/problemset)\n* [Groups](https://codeforces.com/groups)\n* 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[Problemsetting](https://codeforces.com/contests/writer/pskobx)\n\n### [pskobx's blog](https://codeforces.com/blog/pskobx)\n\n[ Codeforces Round 1117 (Div. 2) Editorial ](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058) \n\nBy [pskobx](https://codeforces.com/profile/pskobx \"Master pskobx\"), 5 weeks ago, ![In English](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/flags/24/gb.png \"In English\") \n\nThank you for participating in our round! We hope you enjoyed the problems.\n\n[2257A - Creating Abbreviations](https://codeforces.com/contest/2257/problem/A \"Codeforces Round 1117 (Div. 2)\") Idea: [egorka5opka](https://codeforces.com/profile/egorka5opka \"Master egorka5opka\")\n\n**Solution**\n\nNote that adding abbreviations to the set $$$S$$$ does not create any new possibilities for creating new abbreviations, because a word starting with that letter already exists. Therefore, for each of the 26 letters, we can remember that there is a word that begins with it, and then go through all the abbreviations and check each letter.\n\n**Code**\n\n[387467084](https://codeforces.com/contest/2257/submission/387467084 \"Submission 387467084 by pskobx\")\n\n**Rate the problem**\n\nAmazing [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nGood [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nOk [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nBad [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nTerrible [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\n[2257B - Gigantomachy](https://codeforces.com/contest/2257/problem/B \"Codeforces Round 1117 (Div. 2)\") Idea: [egorka5opka](https://codeforces.com/profile/egorka5opka \"Master egorka5opka\")\n\n**Solution**\n\nOn each turn, the height at which the giant stands decreases by exactly $$$1$$$, except in cases where he changes mountains. \n\nThus, the first giant will lose after $$$((a\\_1 - a\\_2) + 1) + ((a\\_2 - a\\_3) + 1) + \\\\dots + ((a\\_{n - 1} - a\\_n) + 1) + a\\_n = a\\_1 + n - 1$$$ moves. \n\nSimilarly, the second giant will lose after $$$b\\_1 + m - 1$$$ moves. All left is only to compare these two numbers.\n\nTime complexity: $$$\\\\mathcal{O}(n)$$$.\n\n**Code**\n\n[387467136](https://codeforces.com/contest/2257/submission/387467136 \"Submission 387467136 by pskobx\")\n\n**Rate the problem**\n\nAmazing [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nGood [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nOk [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nBad [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nTerrible [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\n[2257C - Spying on the Beaver](https://codeforces.com/contest/2257/problem/C \"Codeforces Round 1117 (Div. 2)\") Idea: [egorka5opka](https://codeforces.com/profile/egorka5opka \"Master egorka5opka\")\n\n**Solution**\n\nSuppose we have placed some cameras and remove the corresponding edges from the tree. If all the dams are now in different connected components, we can always uniquely determine where the Beaver went. Conversely, if there is a component containing two dams, we cannot distinguish between them.\n\nSince the original graph is a tree, it is necessary and sufficient to remove $$$m-1$$$ edges.\n\nIf the root contains a dam, we can take the edges leading directly to all the other dams, obtaining a set of size $$$m-1$$$.\n\nIf the root does not contain a dam, we take the same edges but skip one of them. It is important that we cannot skip just any edge: we must choose a dam such that there are no other dams on the path from the root to it. We can take the dam with the smallest depth or vertex number. In this case, we do not even need to run a DFS.\n\nTime complexity: $$$\\\\mathcal{O}(n+m)$$$.\n\n**Code**\n\n[387467226](https://codeforces.com/contest/2257/submission/387467226 \"Submission 387467226 by pskobx\")\n\n**Rate the problem**\n\nAmazing [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nGood [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nOk [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nBad [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nTerrible [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\n[2257D - Bermuda Rectangle](https://codeforces.com/contest/2257/problem/D \"Codeforces Round 1117 (Div. 2)\") Idea: [pskobx](https://codeforces.com/profile/pskobx \"Master pskobx\"), [oblememan](https://codeforces.com/profile/oblememan \"Master oblememan\"), [egorka5opka](https://codeforces.com/profile/egorka5opka \"Master egorka5opka\")\n\n**Solution**\n\nBefore processing the queries, let us perform some preprocessing. Find all pairs $$$(a, b)$$$ such that $$$a \\\\cdot b = S$$$. There are $$$\\\\mathcal{O}(\\\\sqrt{S})$$$ such pairs, and they can also be found in $$$\\\\mathcal{O}(\\\\sqrt{S})$$$ time with standard algorithms.\n\nThese pairs are the top-right corners of all possible Bermuda rectangles. The union of these rectangles forms a staircase-like shape; let us call it $$$F$$$. The answer to a query is the area of the intersection of the query rectangle with $$$F$$$.\n\nSort the points by $$$x$$$, and for the point with index $$$i$$$, compute the value $$$P\\_i$$$, equal to the area of $$$F$$$ between $$$0$$$ and this $$$x\\_i$$$.\n\nThis information is enough to answer each query efficiently using binary search. We find the position where the boundary of $$$F$$$ crosses the horizontal side of the query rectangle and calculate the answer using the corresponding prefix areas. The exact formulas and case analysis may vary depending on the implementation.\n\nA couple of remarks that may make implementation easier. If there is a point $$$(x, y)$$$, then there is also $$$(y, x)$$$, and since, knowing one coordinate, it is easy to compute the other. Therefore, it is enough to store just the sorted list of divisors of $$$S$$$ and treat them both as $$$x$$$ and as $$$y$$$. \n\nPreprocessing complexity: $$$\\\\mathcal{O}(\\\\sqrt{S})$$$, time complexity per query: $$$\\\\mathcal{O}(\\\\log S)$$$.\n\n**Code**\n\n[387467301](https://codeforces.com/contest/2257/submission/387467301 \"Submission 387467301 by pskobx\")\n\n**Rate the problem**\n\nAmazing [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nGood [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nOk [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nBad [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nTerrible [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\n[2257E - Busy Beaver](https://codeforces.com/contest/2257/problem/E \"Codeforces Round 1117 (Div. 2)\") Idea: [pskobx](https://codeforces.com/profile/pskobx \"Master pskobx\")\n\n**Solution**\n\nThe first step is to earn as many carrots as possible to maximize our capital. Divide the floors of each building into the shortest consecutive segments whose total profit is non-negative, and calculate the entry threshold of each such segment. The entry threshold is the minimum amount of capital required to construct all floors of the segment in order.\n\nFor example, consider two floors with $$$(a\\_1, a\\_2) = (10, 0)$$$ and $$$(b\\_1, b\\_2) = (0, 100)$$$. Constructing only the first floor is unprofitable, but constructing both floors yields a profit of $$$90$$$ carrots. However, an initial capital of at least $$$10$$$ carrots is required.\n\nIn an ordered set, we keep the next available segment for each building, sorted by its entry threshold. While the segment with the minimum threshold is affordable, we construct the entire segment, add its profit to our capital, and insert the next segment of the same building into the set. If the segment with the minimum threshold is not affordable, then none of the available segments can be constructed, meaning that we have maximized our capital.\n\nIn the second step, we independently try to continue constructing each building from its current height, floor by floor, for as long as the current capital allows. Among all buildings, we choose the maximum resulting height and, in case of a tie, the smallest index.\n\nTime complexity: $$$\\\\mathcal{O}\\\\left(\\\\sum m\\_i \\\\log n\\\\right)$$$.\n\n**Code**\n\n[387467400](https://codeforces.com/contest/2257/submission/387467400 \"Submission 387467400 by pskobx\")\n\n**Rate the problem**\n\nAmazing [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nGood [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nOk [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nBad [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nTerrible [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\n[2257F1 - Beaver's Jumping Track (Easy Version)](https://codeforces.com/contest/2257/problem/F1 \"Codeforces Round 1117 (Div. 2)\") Idea: [pskobx](https://codeforces.com/profile/pskobx \"Master pskobx\"), [oblememan](https://codeforces.com/profile/oblememan \"Master oblememan\"), [egorka5opka](https://codeforces.com/profile/egorka5opka \"Master egorka5opka\")\n\n**Solution**\n\nSince $$$x$$$ is small, we build a segment tree whose vertices store matrices of size $$$x \\\\times x$$$.\n\nFor an interval of platforms, let $$$c\\[i\\]\\[j\\]$$$ be the minimum penalty if the Beaver starts $$$i$$$ cells after the beginning of the interval and first lands $$$j$$$ cells after its end. Invalid starting positions are ignored.\n\nFor a single platform of length $$$d$$$ and penalty $$$s$$$,\n\n$$$ c\\[i\\]\\[j\\]= \\\\left( \\\\left\\\\lceil\\\\frac{d+j-i}{x}\\\\right\\\\rceil-1 \\\\right)s, $$$\n\nwhere $$$0\\\\le i \\\\lt \\\\min(d,x)$$$ and $$$0\\\\le j \\\\lt x$$$. The last jump leaves the platform and causes no penalty, while all previous jumps stay inside it.\n\nTo merge two consecutive intervals $$$A$$$ and $$$B$$$, enumerate the first landing position $$$k$$$ in $$$B$$$:\n\n$$$ c\\_{A+B}\\[i\\]\\[j\\] = \\\\min\\_k\\\\left(c\\_A\\[i\\]\\[k\\]+c\\_B\\[k\\]\\[j\\]\\\\right). $$$\n\nIf $$$A$$$ contains fewer than $$$x$$$ cells, the Beaver may start directly inside $$$B$$$; in this case, we copy the corresponding values from $$$c\\_B$$$.\n\nFor a query $$$\\[l,r\\]$$$, obtain the matrix for $$$\\[l,r-1\\]$$$ and enumerate the first landing position $$$i$$$ on platform $$$r$$$. The answer is\n\n$$$ \\\\min\\_{0\\\\le i \\\\lt \\\\min(x,d\\_r)} \\\\left( c\\[0\\]\\[i\\] + \\\\left\\\\lceil\\\\frac{d\\_r-i-1}{x}\\\\right\\\\rceil s\\_r \\\\right). $$$\n\nThe case $$$l=r$$$ is calculated directly.\n\nEach update and query takes $$$\\\\mathcal{O}(x^3\\\\log n)$$$ time. Memory complexity is $$$\\\\mathcal{O}(nx^2)$$$. Build is $$$\\\\mathcal{O}(nx^3)$$$.\n\n**Code**\n\n[387467533](https://codeforces.com/contest/2257/submission/387467533 \"Submission 387467533 by pskobx\")\n\n**Rate the problem**\n\nAmazing [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nGood [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nOk [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nBad [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nTerrible [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\n[2257F2 - Beaver's Jumping Track (Hard Version)](https://codeforces.com/contest/2257/problem/F2 \"Codeforces Round 1117 (Div. 2)\")\n\n**Solution**\n\nSurprisingly, the main problem with the solution from F1 is memory, not time. A segment tree stores $$$\\\\mathcal{O}(n)$$$ matrices, each containing $$$x^2$$$ values. For $$$x=10$$$, this does not fit into the memory limit.\n\nTo reduce memory usage, divide the platforms into blocks of size $$$B$$$ (for example, $$$B=16$$$). For each block, calculate the matrix of the entire block using the same merging formula as in F1\\. Then build a segment tree only over these block matrices.\n\nFor a query, at most two blocks are only partially covered by the required range. Process the platforms in these blocks separately, and use the segment tree to combine all blocks that are fully covered. After an update, recalculate the matrix of the affected block and update it in the segment tree.\n\nFor a block size $$$B$$$, the memory complexity is $$$\\\\mathcal{O}\\\\left(n+\\\\frac{n}{B}x^2\\\\right)$$$.\n\nEach query takes $$$\\\\mathcal{O}\\\\left(Bx^2+x^3\\\\log\\\\frac{n}{B}\\\\right)$$$.\n\nАnd each update takes $$$\\\\mathcal{O}\\\\left(Bx^3+x^3\\\\log\\\\frac{n}{B}\\\\right)$$$.\n\n**Code**\n\n[387467610](https://codeforces.com/contest/2257/submission/387467610 \"Submission 387467610 by pskobx\")\n\n**Rate the problem**\n\nAmazing [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nGood [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nOk [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nBad [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\nTerrible [ ](https://codeforces.com/data/like?action=like \"I like this\") \n\n![](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/icons/paperclip-16x16.png) Tutorial of [Codeforces Round 1117 (Div. 2)](https://codeforces.com/contest/2257) \n\n* [![Vote: I like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/voteup-gray.png \"Vote: I like it\")](#)\n* \\-139\n* [![Vote: I do not like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/votedown-gray.png \"Vote: I do not like it\")](#)\n\n* [![Author](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/blog/user_16x16.png \"Author\")](https://codeforces.com/profile/pskobx) [pskobx ](https://codeforces.com/profile/pskobx)\n* ![Publication date](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/blog/date_16x16.png \"Publication date\") 5 weeks ago\n* [![Comments](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/blog/comments_16x16.png \"Comments\")](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058#comments) [218 ](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058#comments)\n\n  \n![Comments](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/icons/comments-48x48.png \"Comments\") Comments (218) \n\n[Write comment?](#) \n\n| » [esc\\_qwq](https://codeforces.com/profile/esc%5Fqwq \"Candidate Master esc_qwq\") | 4 weeks ago, [show (+1)](#) # |\n| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |\n\n| » [ ![](https://codeforces.com/userpic.codeforces.org/4963270/avatar/be164ba8d5d4a72e.jpg) ](https://codeforces.com/profile/esc%5Fqwq) [esc\\_qwq](https://codeforces.com/profile/esc%5Fqwq \"Candidate Master esc_qwq\") | 4 weeks ago, [hide](#) [#](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058?#comment-1386304 \"Link to comment\") \\| [![Vote: I like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-voteup-blue.png \"Vote: I like it\")](#) +83 [![Vote: I do not like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-votedown-blue.png \"Vote: I do not like it\")](#) Horrible contest [→](#) [Reply](#) |\n| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n\n* | » » [jypo\\_CYL](https://codeforces.com/profile/jypo%5FCYL \"Specialist jypo_CYL\") | 4 weeks ago, [show (+1)](#) # |\n| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |\n\n| » » [ ![](https://codeforces.com/userpic.codeforces.org/3846644/avatar/58b83965b1ab953b.jpg) ](https://codeforces.com/profile/jypo%5FCYL) [jypo\\_CYL](https://codeforces.com/profile/jypo%5FCYL \"Specialist jypo_CYL\") | 4 weeks ago, [hide](#) [#](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058?#comment-1386363 \"Link to comment\") [^](#comment-1386304 \"Parent comment\") \\| [![Vote: I like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-voteup-blue.png \"Vote: I like it\")](#) +3 [![Vote: I do not like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-votedown-blue.png \"Vote: I do not like it\")](#) so bad D [→](#) [Reply](#) |\n| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n\n  * | » » » [unorz](https://codeforces.com/profile/unorz \"Newbie unorz\") | 4 weeks ago, [show (+1)](#) # |\n| ------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------- |\n\n| » » » [ ![](https://codeforces.com/userpic.codeforces.org/4392235/avatar/9e0dd13ad8852cf4.jpg) ](https://codeforces.com/profile/unorz) [unorz](https://codeforces.com/profile/unorz \"Newbie unorz\") | 4 weeks ago, [hide](#) [#](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058?#comment-1386715 \"Link to comment\") [^](#comment-1386363 \"Parent comment\") \\| [![Vote: I like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-voteup-blue.png \"Vote: I like it\")](#) 0 [![Vote: I do not like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-votedown-blue.png \"Vote: I do not like it\")](#) interesting, i loved D! Really resembled USACO problems [→](#) [Reply](#) |\n| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n\n    * | » » » » [jypo\\_CYL](https://codeforces.com/profile/jypo%5FCYL \"Specialist jypo_CYL\") | 4 weeks ago, [show](#) # |\n| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------ |\n\n| » » » » [ ![](https://codeforces.com/userpic.codeforces.org/3846644/avatar/58b83965b1ab953b.jpg) ](https://codeforces.com/profile/jypo%5FCYL) [jypo\\_CYL](https://codeforces.com/profile/jypo%5FCYL \"Specialist jypo_CYL\") | 4 weeks ago, [hide](#) [#](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058?#comment-1386745 \"Link to comment\") [^](#comment-1386715 \"Parent comment\") \\| [![Vote: I like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-voteup-blue.png \"Vote: I like it\")](#) 0 [![Vote: I do not like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-votedown-blue.png \"Vote: I do not like it\")](#) nah it shouldn't be [→](#) [Reply](#) |\n| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n\n| » [Vctqwq](https://codeforces.com/profile/Vctqwq \"Specialist Vctqwq\") | 4 weeks ago, [show (+1)](#) # |\n| --------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |\n\n| » [ ![](https://codeforces.com/userpic.codeforces.org/2479255/avatar/5d52d13c72db55a1.jpg) ](https://codeforces.com/profile/Vctqwq) [Vctqwq](https://codeforces.com/profile/Vctqwq \"Specialist Vctqwq\") | 4 weeks ago, [hide](#) [#](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058?#comment-1386306 \"Link to comment\") \\| [![Vote: I like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-voteup-blue.png \"Vote: I like it\")](#) +42 [![Vote: I do not like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-votedown-blue.png \"Vote: I do not like it\")](#) Super fast editorial! But these statements are difficult to understand :( [→](#) [Reply](#) |\n| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |\n\n* | » » [RizzCoder](https://codeforces.com/profile/RizzCoder \"Newbie RizzCoder\") | 4 weeks ago, [show](#) # |\n| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |\n\n| » » [ ![](https://codeforces.com/userpic.codeforces.org/5564274/avatar/1049b0e24937ecce.jpg) ](https://codeforces.com/profile/RizzCoder) [RizzCoder](https://codeforces.com/profile/RizzCoder \"Newbie RizzCoder\") | 4 weeks ago, [hide](#) [#](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058?#comment-1386351 \"Link to comment\") [^](#comment-1386306 \"Parent comment\") \\| [![Vote: I like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-voteup-blue.png \"Vote: I like it\")](#) 0 [![Vote: I do not like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-votedown-blue.png \"Vote: I do not like it\")](#) bro editorial is wrong [→](#) [Reply](#) |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n\n| » [zeyd1234](https://codeforces.com/profile/zeyd1234 \"Specialist zeyd1234\") | 4 weeks ago, [show](#) # |\n| --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |\n\n| » [ ![](https://codeforces.com/userpic.codeforces.org/4840403/avatar/50b684c8412376e6.jpg) ](https://codeforces.com/profile/zeyd1234) [zeyd1234](https://codeforces.com/profile/zeyd1234 \"Specialist zeyd1234\") | 4 weeks ago, [hide](#) [#](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058?#comment-1386311 \"Link to comment\") \\| [![Vote: I like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-voteup-blue.png \"Vote: I like it\")](#) +20 [![Vote: I do not like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-votedown-blue.png \"Vote: I do not like it\")](#) Bad contest... but at least i gain some rating. [→](#) [Reply](#) |\n| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n\n| » [\\-rmq](https://codeforces.com/profile/-rmq \"Specialist -rmq\") | 4 weeks ago, [show (+1)](#) # |\n| ---------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |\n\n| » [ ![](https://codeforces.com/userpic.codeforces.org/no-avatar.jpg) ](https://codeforces.com/profile/-rmq) [\\-rmq](https://codeforces.com/profile/-rmq \"Specialist -rmq\") | 4 weeks ago, [hide](#) [#](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058?#comment-1386326 \"Link to comment\") \\| [![Vote: I like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-voteup-blue.png \"Vote: I like it\")](#) 0 [![Vote: I do not like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-votedown-blue.png \"Vote: I do not like it\")](#) Can you recheck, if correct code is attached in the editorial. Seems different submission is present here [pskobx](https://codeforces.com/profile/pskobx) [→](#) [Reply](#) |\n| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |\n\n* | » » [RizzCoder](https://codeforces.com/profile/RizzCoder \"Newbie RizzCoder\") | 4 weeks ago, [show](#) # |\n| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |\n\n| » » [ ![](https://codeforces.com/userpic.codeforces.org/5564274/avatar/1049b0e24937ecce.jpg) ](https://codeforces.com/profile/RizzCoder) [RizzCoder](https://codeforces.com/profile/RizzCoder \"Newbie RizzCoder\") | 4 weeks ago, [hide](#) [#](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058?#comment-1386333 \"Link to comment\") [^](#comment-1386326 \"Parent comment\") \\| [![Vote: I like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-voteup-blue.png \"Vote: I like it\")](#) 0 [![Vote: I do not like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-votedown-blue.png \"Vote: I do not like it\")](#) yeah I think first has nothing to do with 3 variables [→](#) [Reply](#) |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n* | » » [zeyd1234](https://codeforces.com/profile/zeyd1234 \"Specialist zeyd1234\") | 4 weeks ago, [show](#) # |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |\n\n| » » [ ![](https://codeforces.com/userpic.codeforces.org/4840403/avatar/50b684c8412376e6.jpg) ](https://codeforces.com/profile/zeyd1234) [zeyd1234](https://codeforces.com/profile/zeyd1234 \"Specialist zeyd1234\") | 4 weeks ago, [hide](#) [#](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058?#comment-1386338 \"Link to comment\") [^](#comment-1386326 \"Parent comment\") \\| [←](#)Rev. 2 [→](#) [![Vote: I like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-voteup-blue.png \"Vote: I like it\")](#) 0 [![Vote: I do not like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-votedown-blue.png \"Vote: I do not like it\")](#) type (user:XXX), if you want to ping someone. But with \\[\\], instead of (). But if you don't want to get your contribution < -100, please, don't ping someone unless necessary. [→](#) [Reply](#) |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n* | » » [pskobx](https://codeforces.com/profile/pskobx \"Master pskobx\") | 4 weeks ago, [show](#) # |\n| ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |\n\n| » » [ ![](https://codeforces.com/userpic.codeforces.org/1250475/avatar/7536d700942a822b.jpg) ](https://codeforces.com/profile/pskobx) [pskobx](https://codeforces.com/profile/pskobx \"Master pskobx\") | 4 weeks ago, [hide](#) [#](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058?#comment-1386346 \"Link to comment\") [^](#comment-1386326 \"Parent comment\") \\| [![Vote: I like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-voteup-blue.png \"Vote: I like it\")](#) 0 [![Vote: I do not like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-votedown-blue.png \"Vote: I do not like it\")](#) I'll fix it now, thanks [→](#) [Reply](#) |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n\n| » [20111019Yu](https://codeforces.com/profile/20111019Yu \"Master 20111019Yu\") | 4 weeks ago, [show](#) # |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |\n\n| » [ ![](https://codeforces.com/userpic.codeforces.org/3490545/avatar/2b7d9f312416805a.jpg) ](https://codeforces.com/profile/20111019Yu) [20111019Yu](https://codeforces.com/profile/20111019Yu \"Master 20111019Yu\") | 4 weeks ago, [hide](#) [#](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058?#comment-1386329 \"Link to comment\") \\| [![Vote: I like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-voteup-blue.png \"Vote: I like it\")](#) +8 [![Vote: I do not like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-votedown-blue.png \"Vote: I do not like it\")](#) How dare you write the wrong range? [→](#) [Reply](#) |\n| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n\n| » [bandit07](https://codeforces.com/profile/bandit07 \"Pupil bandit07\") | 4 weeks ago, [show](#) # |\n| ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |\n\n| » [ ![](https://codeforces.com/userpic.codeforces.org/5022929/avatar/9f7f959d1770105a.jpg) ](https://codeforces.com/profile/bandit07) [bandit07](https://codeforces.com/profile/bandit07 \"Pupil bandit07\") | 4 weeks ago, [hide](#) [#](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058?#comment-1386332 \"Link to comment\") \\| [![Vote: I like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-voteup-blue.png \"Vote: I like it\")](#) 0 [![Vote: I do not like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-votedown-blue.png \"Vote: I do not like it\")](#) Apart from Figuring out TLE on D, everything was great! [→](#) [Reply](#) |\n| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n\n| » [zhaohongdi114514](https://codeforces.com/profile/zhaohongdi114514 \"Candidate Master zhaohongdi114514\") | 4 weeks ago, [show (+1)](#) # |\n| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |\n\n| » [ ![](https://codeforces.com/userpic.codeforces.org/no-avatar.jpg) ](https://codeforces.com/profile/zhaohongdi114514) [zhaohongdi114514](https://codeforces.com/profile/zhaohongdi114514 \"Candidate Master zhaohongdi114514\") | 4 weeks ago, [hide](#) [#](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058?#comment-1386334 \"Link to comment\") \\| [![Vote: I like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-voteup-blue.png \"Vote: I like it\")](#) +35 [![Vote: I do not like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-votedown-blue.png \"Vote: I do not like it\")](#) Felt like eating shit. [→](#) [Reply](#) |\n| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n\n* | » » [ma\\_niu\\_bi](https://codeforces.com/profile/ma%5Fniu%5Fbi \"Expert ma_niu_bi\") | 4 weeks ago, [show](#) # |\n| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |\n\n| » » [ ![](https://codeforces.com/userpic.codeforces.org/2710300/avatar/1c5c34a0e21a0f46.jpg) ](https://codeforces.com/profile/ma%5Fniu%5Fbi) [ma\\_niu\\_bi](https://codeforces.com/profile/ma%5Fniu%5Fbi \"Expert ma_niu_bi\") | 4 weeks ago, [hide](#) [#](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/156058?#comment-1386672 \"Link to comment\") [^](#comment-1386334 \"Parent comment\") \\| [←](#)Rev. 3 [→](#) [![Vote: I like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-voteup-blue.png \"Vote: I like it\")](#) +3 [![Vote: I do not like it](//codeforces.com/codeforces.org/s/66324/images/actions/comment-votedown-blue.png \"Vote: I do not like it\")](#) My brain's full of shit. [→](#) [Reply](#) |\n| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n\n| » [invoker.\\_](https://codeforces.com/profile/invoker.%5F \"Pupil invoker._\") | 4 weeks ago, [show (+1)](#) # |\n| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |\n\n\n...377288 bytes truncated...\n\nThe tool call succeeded but the output was truncated. Full output saved to: /Users/zayd/.local/share/opencode/tool-output/tool_0b22d13be001NQ0ygJ2pDiJ1u5\nUse the Task tool to have explore agent process this file with Grep and Read (with offset/limit). Do NOT read the full file yourself - delegate to save context.",
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          "hints": [
            {
              "order": 1,
              "content": "When a word is used in a phrase, which part of it actually affects the abbreviation? Most of the word is irrelevant."
            },
            {
              "order": 2,
              "content": "For each letter, record whether an initial word starts with it. Since words can be reused, one word starting with `a` can supply as many `A`s as you want."
            },
            {
              "order": 3,
              "content": "Suppose you successfully create an abbreviation starting with `B`. To produce its first character, what kind of word must already have existed?"
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              "order": 5,
              "content": "The answer is `YES` exactly when every character of every abbreviation is the uppercase version of an initial word's first letter. Check this with a 26-element boolean array. If all checks pass, every abbreviation can be built directly from the initial words, in any order."
            }
          ],
          "editorial": "The order of creation looks like the tricky part. Luckily, it's a red herring: **adding abbreviations never gives us access to a new starting letter.**\n\n### What matters about a word?\n\nA word contributes only its first letter to an abbreviation, converted to uppercase. Let $F$ be the set of uppercase first letters of the initial words.\n\nFor example, with `apple`, `avocado`, and `banana`, we have\n$$F = \\{A, B\\}.$$\nWe can immediately create any nonempty string made only of `A` and `B`. To create `BAAB`, use `banana apple apple banana`.\n\nReusing words is allowed, so we only care whether a starting letter exists, not how many words start with it.\n\n### Why new abbreviations don't help\n\nSuppose we create an abbreviation beginning with `B`. Its first character came from the first word of the chosen phrase, so a word beginning with `b` or `B` must already have been available.\n\nAdding this abbreviation gives us another word beginning with `B`, but that starting letter was already available. The same argument applies to every operation. Therefore, the available starting letters always remain exactly $F$.\n\nThis means every requested abbreviation must contain only letters from $F$. It also means that if this condition holds, we can create every abbreviation directly from the initial words. No sorting, dependency graph, or simulation needed.\n\n### Algorithm\n\nFor each test case:\n\n1. Initialize a boolean array `has[26]` to false.\n2. Read each initial word `w` and set `has[w[0] - 'a'] = true`.\n3. Read every abbreviation. For each character `c`, check `has[c - 'A']`. If it is false, mark the answer as `NO`.\n4. Print `YES` if no check failed; otherwise print `NO`.\n\nUse only the **first character** of each initial word, but check **every character** of each abbreviation. Also, keep reading all input for the test case even after finding an invalid character.\n\n### Correctness proof\n\nLet $F$ be the uppercase first letters of the initial words.\n\n**Necessity.** Initially, the available starting letters are exactly $F$. In any valid operation, every character of the new abbreviation comes from an available starting letter. In particular, its first character is already available, so adding the abbreviation does not change the set of available starting letters. By induction, this set remains $F$ after every operation. Thus, any abbreviation containing a character outside $F$ is impossible, and rejecting it is correct.\n\n**Sufficiency.** Suppose every character of every requested abbreviation belongs to $F$. For each character, choose an initial word whose first letter matches it. These words, taken in order, produce the requested abbreviation. Repeated characters cause no issue because the same word may be used multiple times. Hence every requested abbreviation can be created directly from the initial words, in any order, so accepting is correct.\n\nTogether, these show that the algorithm prints `YES` exactly when a valid creation order exists.\n\n### Complexity\n\nLet $L$ be the total length of all input strings in one test case. Reading the words and checking the abbreviations takes $O(L)$ time.\n\nWe store 26 flags and one string at a time, using $O(26 + K)$ space, where $K$ is the maximum string length. Since $K \\le 20$, this is $O(1)$ space under the given constraints.",
          "solution": "#include <bits/stdc++.h>\nusing namespace std;\n\nusing ll = long long;\n\nvoid setIO() {\n    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);\n    cin.tie(nullptr);\n}\n\nint main() {\n    setIO();\n\n    int t;\n    cin >> t;\n    while (t--) {\n        int n, m;\n        cin >> n >> m;\n\n        array<bool, 26> has{};\n        string s;\n        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n            cin >> s;\n            has[s[0] - 'a'] = true;\n        }\n\n        bool ok = true;\n        for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {\n            cin >> s;\n            for (char c : s) {\n                if (!has[c - 'A']) ok = false;\n            }\n        }\n\n        cout << (ok ? \"YES\\n\" : \"NO\\n\");\n    }\n}\n"
        },
        "id": "msg_0b22d13d3001OfoMsRKinnlxIs",
        "sessionID": "ses_f4dd3490affeugyumTDbeLP20B"
      },
      "parts": [
        {
          "type": "step-start",
          "id": "prt_0b22d1af0001fy4UcfczHrQtnJ",
          "sessionID": "ses_f4dd3490affeugyumTDbeLP20B",
          "messageID": "msg_0b22d13d3001OfoMsRKinnlxIs"
        },
        {
          "type": "reasoning",
          "text": "**Verifying sample proofs**",
          "time": {
            "start": 1789695695601,
            "end": 1789695698396
          },
          "metadata": {
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              "itemId": "rs_04b826a2895a11c2016aac96cf8fbc87d0afd19f2fa51ed3ea",
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        },
        {
          "type": "tool",
          "tool": "StructuredOutput",
          "callID": "call_Nl9ohHZg91kiRD1IDiIgGVDf",
          "state": {
            "status": "completed",
            "input": {
              "status": "success",
              "reason": null,
              "hints": [
                {
                  "order": 1,
                  "content": "When a word is used in a phrase, which part of it actually affects the abbreviation? Most of the word is irrelevant."
                },
                {
                  "order": 2,
                  "content": "For each letter, record whether an initial word starts with it. Since words can be reused, one word starting with `a` can supply as many `A`s as you want."
                },
                {
                  "order": 3,
                  "content": "Suppose you successfully create an abbreviation starting with `B`. To produce its first character, what kind of word must already have existed?"
                },
                {
                  "order": 4,
                  "content": "Adding an abbreviation never introduces a new available starting letter: its first letter was already the first letter of some existing word. So the set of available starting letters stays unchanged throughout all operations."
                },
                {
                  "order": 5,
                  "content": "The answer is `YES` exactly when every character of every abbreviation is the uppercase version of an initial word's first letter. Check this with a 26-element boolean array. If all checks pass, every abbreviation can be built directly from the initial words, in any order."
                }
              ],
              "editorial": "The order of creation looks like the tricky part. Luckily, it's a red herring: **adding abbreviations never gives us access to a new starting letter.**\n\n### What matters about a word?\n\nA word contributes only its first letter to an abbreviation, converted to uppercase. Let $F$ be the set of uppercase first letters of the initial words.\n\nFor example, with `apple`, `avocado`, and `banana`, we have\n$$F = \\{A, B\\}.$$\nWe can immediately create any nonempty string made only of `A` and `B`. To create `BAAB`, use `banana apple apple banana`.\n\nReusing words is allowed, so we only care whether a starting letter exists, not how many words start with it.\n\n### Why new abbreviations don't help\n\nSuppose we create an abbreviation beginning with `B`. Its first character came from the first word of the chosen phrase, so a word beginning with `b` or `B` must already have been available.\n\nAdding this abbreviation gives us another word beginning with `B`, but that starting letter was already available. The same argument applies to every operation. Therefore, the available starting letters always remain exactly $F$.\n\nThis means every requested abbreviation must contain only letters from $F$. It also means that if this condition holds, we can create every abbreviation directly from the initial words. No sorting, dependency graph, or simulation needed.\n\n### Algorithm\n\nFor each test case:\n\n1. Initialize a boolean array `has[26]` to false.\n2. Read each initial word `w` and set `has[w[0] - 'a'] = true`.\n3. Read every abbreviation. For each character `c`, check `has[c - 'A']`. If it is false, mark the answer as `NO`.\n4. Print `YES` if no check failed; otherwise print `NO`.\n\nUse only the **first character** of each initial word, but check **every character** of each abbreviation. Also, keep reading all input for the test case even after finding an invalid character.\n\n### Correctness proof\n\nLet $F$ be the uppercase first letters of the initial words.\n\n**Necessity.** Initially, the available starting letters are exactly $F$. In any valid operation, every character of the new abbreviation comes from an available starting letter. In particular, its first character is already available, so adding the abbreviation does not change the set of available starting letters. By induction, this set remains $F$ after every operation. Thus, any abbreviation containing a character outside $F$ is impossible, and rejecting it is correct.\n\n**Sufficiency.** Suppose every character of every requested abbreviation belongs to $F$. For each character, choose an initial word whose first letter matches it. These words, taken in order, produce the requested abbreviation. Repeated characters cause no issue because the same word may be used multiple times. Hence every requested abbreviation can be created directly from the initial words, in any order, so accepting is correct.\n\nTogether, these show that the algorithm prints `YES` exactly when a valid creation order exists.\n\n### Complexity\n\nLet $L$ be the total length of all input strings in one test case. Reading the words and checking the abbreviations takes $O(L)$ time.\n\nWe store 26 flags and one string at a time, using $O(26 + K)$ space, where $K$ is the maximum string length. Since $K \\le 20$, this is $O(1)$ space under the given constraints.",
              "solution": "#include <bits/stdc++.h>\nusing namespace std;\n\nusing ll = long long;\n\nvoid setIO() {\n    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);\n    cin.tie(nullptr);\n}\n\nint main() {\n    setIO();\n\n    int t;\n    cin >> t;\n    while (t--) {\n        int n, m;\n        cin >> n >> m;\n\n        array<bool, 26> has{};\n        string s;\n        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n            cin >> s;\n            has[s[0] - 'a'] = true;\n        }\n\n        bool ok = true;\n        for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {\n            cin >> s;\n            for (char c : s) {\n                if (!has[c - 'A']) ok = false;\n            }\n        }\n\n        cout << (ok ? \"YES\\n\" : \"NO\\n\");\n    }\n}\n"
            },
            "output": "Structured output captured successfully.",
            "metadata": {
              "valid": true
            },
            "title": "Structured Output",
            "time": {
              "start": 1789695734458,
              "end": 1789695734460
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